![]() Many of these manuscripts are now in the collections of museums, libraries, and private individuals, both in the region as well as overseas.Īs emphasized by specialists of Islamic illumination, the art of illumination of the Terengganu Quran is highly developed. Over the centuries, many Quran and religious manuscripts were produced in local script and with localized design in the sultanates of Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Palembang), Philippines (Sulu), Malaysia (Terengganu), and Thailand (Patani). These include the envelope flap, cover boards squared with the text block, and no raised band at the spine. Compared with the western bookbinding structure, Islamic books have some unique characteristics. Islamic book binding has its influence from the Middle East. With religious books, a new book format was introduced, along with bookbinding. For the royal patronage, beautifully illuminated copies of the Quran with gold decorated leather covers were commissioned. However, with trade and colonization, European paper became available and became popular as a writing material.īecause the Quran is the central text of Islam, the hand copying of the texts and teachings was practiced in local religious schools. Traditionally scripts were written on locally available materials such as palm leaves, textiles, bark paper, bamboo, and wood. The spread of Islam to South East Asia in the 1400’s influenced the literary tradition of royal courts and religious centers in early kingdoms of Java, Aceh, Melaka, and Brunei. “It is from Terengganu that we find the most brilliant illuminated Quran in the whole of South East Asia”
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